Which of the following best describes the classic features of nephritic syndrome?

• A. Hypotension, edema, polyuria, hyperkalemia
• B. Edema and massive proteinuria
• C. Hypertension, edema, oliguria, azotemia, and hematuria
• D. Hypoalbuminemia with lipiduria

Answer: (C)

Nephritic syndrome reflects glomerular inflammation that disrupts the filtration barrier and markedly reduces kidney function. This leads to several interrelated features: hematuria from glomerular bleeding, oliguria from lower GFR, azotemia reflecting buildup of waste products, hypertension from salt and water retention, and edema due to this fluid overload. Proteinuria is usually present but not massive, which helps distinguish it from nephrotic syndrome.

The option describing hypertension, edema, oliguria, azotemia, and hematuria best matches this pattern. The other descriptions emphasize heavy protein loss with hypoalbuminemia or lipiduria (nephrotic features) or include less typical signs like hypotension or polyuria that are not characteristic of the classic nephritic picture.